Analysis of Elizabeth Bishop’s “The Fish” Free Essays

Esther Zamora Jon Schneiderman ENC1102-09 03/12/2013 Analysis of Elizabeth Bishop’s â€Å"The Fish† All battered and scarred from numerous long stretches of preliminaries, Grandma consistently has a grin all over. Grandpa passed on when she was as yet youthful, her three children have likewise kicked the bucket, and just her two girls remain. Disregarding these troubles throughout her life, she figures out how to be upbeat and tolerating of what life has hurled her direction. We will compose a custom article test on Examination of Elizabeth Bishop’s â€Å"The Fish† or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now A more seasoned individual has scars from life and doesn’t have the solidarity to battle for it. The old have experienced numerous preliminaries and burdens that life has hurled at them. With age, they have picked up intelligence and comprehension through these difficulties. Life tends to unfeelingly toss darts at mankind with no sort of reservation or regret. In Elisabeth Bishop’s â€Å"The Fish,† the storyteller is the fisher lady. After getting an enormous fish and investigating it cautiously, she is helped to remember her life. She sees the fish isn't battling to remain alive. He just hung there, still, and prepared to pass on. This helps her to remember her own life. She is presently confronted with the memory of the numerous scars that life has brought her. She’s not ready to battle as she once did. Age has truly negatively affected her, requesting her once young quality. The creator talks about the fish saying, â€Å"He hung a snorting weight, battered and powerless and homely† (7-9). The fisher lady found a closeness with her life and the fish’s life. She made a particular association between her life and this little animal. More established and progressively encountered, the fisher lady is helped to remember her past burdens. Presently old and dim which are indications of maturing, as the fish’s lips that part with his age. The lips are a significant sign in light of the fact that the snares and lines they have in their mouth shows their experience. The fish in the sonnet pronounces â€Å"hung five bits of fish-line† (51), indicating how frequently the fish had recently been gotten and discharged once more. Each line speaks to the numerous undertakings the fish had achieved by vanquishing those snares. Similarly as with individuals who defeat misfortune and scars occupy their life, the fish likewise has scars that stay as a sign of past battles. Shrewdness and comprehension is picked up as things in life occur. For the fish, he picks up intelligence and seeing each time he got away from a net or a line which is appeared by his scars. An individual additions shrewdness and comprehension with the preliminaries they are confronted with and that age has brought them. These are suggestions to individuals just as for fish. An individual may have friends and family who have died, or perhaps encountered an injury. Every one of these tribulations serve for picking up knowledge and comprehension throughout everyday life. Taking everything into account, the fisher lady, by looking and watching the fish intently, is helped to remember all the past preliminaries she had in her life. The scars in his lips, the â€Å"five-haired whiskers of wisdom† (62) encourages her consider herself. She sees the rainbow of hues thinking about from the oil the pontoon, helping her to remember the fish’s achievements. Despite the fact that the fish is little, it by one way or another incites a feeling of connection with herself. She relates these properties of the fish with development, affliction, preliminaries, astuteness, and comprehension. She experiences a nearby distinguishing proof with the fish. Filled by this passionate association and sympathy for the fish, she let him go. Step by step instructions to refer to Analysis of Elizabeth Bishop’s â€Å"The Fish†, Essay models

Current Development in Accounting Thought for Normative Theory

Question: Examine about theCurrent Development in Accounting Thought for Normative Theory. Answer: In the present period, for estimating pay, regularizing hypothesis is profoundly huge. This is on the grounds that it uses an equation for deciding salary relying upon esteem and not cost. In this way, regularizing hypothesis isn't dependent on perception; in any case, it relies upon the way toward bookkeeping to be made (Mathews Perera, 1996). Recorded cost bookkeeping: One of the speculations of regularizing bookkeeping is verifiable cost bookkeeping, which is a proportion of significant worth where the cost of an advantage on the monetary record explanation relies upon ostensible expense at the hour of obtaining. This measure is gainful, since it is unprejudiced and freely undeniable. Thus, it helps in expanding the general unwavering quality of the financial specialists and other outer clients (Deegan, 2014). In any case, the verifiable cost bookkeeping doesn't suit the impact of swelling and along these lines, the cost of the benefit decreases. Regulating options in contrast to verifiable cost bookkeeping and their basic presumptions: There are a few options in contrast to verifiable cost bookkeeping; three of them are depicted quickly as follows: Current Purchasing Power Accounting (CPPA): CPPA suggests recording and refreshing the things of bookkeeping dependent on every day buyer value file. If there should arise an occurrence of expansion, costs would increment and subsequently, accounts should be stayed up with the latest for changing every money related thing. This hypothesis depends on the presumptions of both gathering premise and going concern ideas (Mathews Perera, 1996). The principle bit of leeway of this strategy is that as CPPA proclamations are set up on beneficial premise, the chronicled accounts are looked after adequately. Notwithstanding, this strategy considers the varieties when all is said in done buying power, while disregarding the varieties in singular thing esteems and hence, all the escape clauses in the verifiable cost bookkeeping couldn't be wiped out. For example, ABC Limited bought apparatus on first July 2016 for $140,000. The straight-line deterioration strategy is followed more than four-year time span having zero leftover worth. The lists at the general cost level are 130 on first July 2016 and 140 on first July 2017; in this way, prompting a normal of 135 for the year. The deterioration cost would be $35,000 ($140,000/4). Notwithstanding, the devaluation sum that would be reflected in the pay articulation of ABC Limited for the period finished 30th June 2017 would be $37,692 ($35,000 x 140/130). Current cost bookkeeping (CCA): CCA understands the adjustment in the cost of an individual thing because of variety in the general value level. This is the procedure that considers the way toward creating and examining budget summaries in a way that the relevant value change is considered fundamentally (Henderson et al., 2015).This technique accept that fixed resources are recorded at the expense of substitution and inventories are appeared at showcase esteems. The primary favorable position of this framework is that benefit could be registered with no variety in verifiable benefit. Nonetheless, this technique doesn't give sufficient data, which would be helpful from the perspective of the financial specialists. For instance, it is expected that a machine having monetary existence of ten years could be obtained for $80,000. It is additionally accepted that the machine has further monetary existence of five years with no piece esteem. Subsequently, the machine substitution cost would be $40,000 ($80,000 less devaluation for a long time). Reasonable Value Accounting (FVA): FVA is an impartial and adjusted projection of the potential market cost of an advantage, item or administration. This strategy considers the target factors like interest and gracefully, obtaining, creation, conveyance cost, supplanting cost alongside emotional elements like hazard highlights, cost and profit for capital and separately saw utility. Be that as it may, this strategy limits the book estimations of the considerable number of advantages. Suitability of the regulating options in contrast to recorded cost bookkeeping: In light of the above assessment, it could be expressed that despite the fact that there are a few options in contrast to verifiable cost bookkeeping, all strategies are dependent upon control in setting standards to measure corporate execution. In the event of CPPA, the progressions are made in the general value level and it doesn't lay satisfactory accentuation on the specific value level. Therefore, the present estimation of the hierarchical assets isn't reflected in the money related reports. CCA couldn't decide charge liabilities and in this manner, it neglects to give point by point investigation of the genuine expenses of a business. If there should arise an occurrence of FVA, the speculators consistently don't see that a firm uses FVA approach. Therefore, it prompts financial specialist disappointment, since the loss of significant worth in net benefit becomes loss of salary for the speculators. Consequently, none of the methodologies are practical to take out all the escape clauses in chronicled cost bookkeeping. IASB theoretical structure and its target of broadly useful budgetary announcing: IASB theoretical system builds up the bookkeeping principles for guaranteeing their consistency with one another alongside upgrading the validity of bookkeeping data. The essential target of broadly useful money related detailing is to give budgetary data valuable to the current and future potential financial specialists, banks and different partners for settling on asset related choices with respect to the association. Principle clients of broadly useful monetary revealing: Coming up next are the clients of the budget summaries and their suggestions for bookkeeping estimations as spread out in the calculated structure: Banks and providers: These clients would be keen on data, which would empower them in determining whether the sums that are owed to them would be paid in an opportune way. Moneylenders: The moneylenders would look to get data that would help them in deciding the installment of advances when they become due for choosing whether or not to give new credits to the association. Speculators: The speculators are engaged with providing hazard capital as subsidizing. Moreover, these partners are stressed in regards to the characteristic hazard and the arrival they could anticipate from their general ventures (IFRS, 2010). Clients: The clients would be keen on the duration of business activities, especially on the off chance that they are exceptionally dependent on the items and administrations of the association. Workers: The staffs may plan to increase a diagram about the benefit level and solidness of their managers. This may bring about certainty viewing their occupations and therefore, they could be used for examining compensation and work conditions. Government: The administration and its related offices are intrigued to think about the asset portion and the business activities of the general associations. Overall population: An association has direct effect on this gathering of partner in an assortment of ways, especially the procedure that may add to the nearby economy. Suggestions for bookkeeping estimation to the recognized clients of broadly useful budgetary revealing: The distinguishing proof of explicit clients has direct ramifications on the arrangement of future bookkeeping gauges and its audit of current principles of bookkeeping to introduce the fiscal reports in a compelling way (IFRS, 2013). Both reasonable worth and authentic expense are currently considered in reasonable worth bookkeeping, as reasonable worth speaks to the genuine estimations of those advantages, which increment the dependability of the budgetary framework. There are five estimation bases and their client prerequisites fluctuate from one another, which are shown quickly as follows: Chronicled cost: Authentic expense is a proportion of significant worth where the cost of an advantage on the monetary record articulation relies upon ostensible expense at the hour of securing. This measure is useful, since it is fair-minded and autonomously evident. Therefore, it helps in expanding the general unwavering quality of the financial specialists and other outside clients. Be that as it may, the clients couldn't believe chronicled cost bookkeeping completely; as this measure neglects to consider the impact on expansion on the benefit, which may limit the estimation of the advantage. Reasonable worth: FVA is a fair-minded and adjusted projection of the potential market cost of a benefit, item or administration. This strategy considers the target factors like interest and gracefully, obtaining, creation, conveyance cost, supplanting cost alongside abstract elements like hazard highlights, cost and profit for capital and separately saw utility. In any case, this technique limits the book estimations of the considerable number of advantages notwithstanding the way that the majority of the clients incline toward this measure for esteeming the benefits of the associations. Current expense: Current expense understands the adjustment in the cost of an individual thing because of variety in the general value level. This is the strategy that considers the way toward creating and examining budget summaries in a way that the relevant value change is considered altogether. Feasible worth: Feasible worth could be characterized as the advantage esteem, which could be perceived at the hour of benefit deal short sensible projection of the cost identified with either inevitable deal or resource removal (IFRS, 2015a). For this situation, the supervisors are expected to post those exchanges that produce lower benefits possibly alongside confining the exaggeration of benefit. Subsequently, the speculators probably won't have the option to acquire real outline of the monetary situation of the business associations. Worth being used: The worth being used of a benefit is its present total assets, which is figured by assessing the net future worth containing the dispensable worth, if the advantage is weakened. The object is that advantages need not be surveyed at over their recoverable sum esteems. This worth doesn't consider the obtaining cost and consequently, it depends on the present market esteem, which would help the

Using Colorado College Block Plan Essay Examples

Using Colorado College Block Plan Essay ExamplesA Colorado College Block Plan is one of the most important papers that you should get prepared for. Though, the standard format is to have five blocks of four minutes each in length, you can also write shorter essays as well.Colorado College was founded by some of the country's most respected figures in architecture and engineering. These persons included a few major men such as John Ruskin, Robert Morris, and Edwin Lutyens. They also had notable women scholars and teachers such as Mary C. Bly and Rebecca Hutchins.The Colorado College Block Plan is an opportunity for students to get an inside look at how some of these men worked together. You may want to use it as an example when you write your Colorado College Block Plan essay samples.The history of Colorado College can be traced back to 1876, when Colorado College was founded by a group of dedicated reformers who wanted to reform the educational system in the state. They worked with s ome of the best educationalists of their time to create an educational system that involved rigor, interaction with an in-person professor, the study of a single subject for a period of time, and a variety of approaches to teaching. This was the first state college in the country.The Colorado College Block Plan explains the successes and failures of Colorado College. The instructors and students alike praise the dedication of these men to improving the educational system of the state. This can serve as a great example when you are preparing for this type of paper.This brief history of Colorado College is interesting but does not serve as an example of long-term trends in education in Colorado. Instead, you should use Colorado College Block Plan essay samples to point out the common achievements of Colorado College. The examples you provide should be interesting and inspiring.If you do want to go into more detail about Colorado College and other Colorado colleges, the Colorado Colleg e Block Plan is a great place to start. You will be able to show your readers why these schools are more than a place to gain a four-year degree. They are also a great opportunity to expose them to ideas and viewpoints that they would not otherwise get.In today's economy, the education system is important, and you should continue to keep your Texas bachelor's degree. You should also continue to work your way up in the business world and enter into leadership positions. It can be easy to overlook this important component of being successful in life, so you should not forget to use Colorado College Block Plan essay samples.

How to Trace Your Family Tree in US Land Deeds

Most Americans owned at least some land prior to the twentieth century, making individual land records a treasure trove for genealogists. Deeds, legal records for transferring land or property from one individual to another, are the most prevalent and widely used of the U.S. land records, and can provide a fairly reliable method of tracking ancestors when no other record can be found. Deeds are relatively easy to locate and often provide a wealth of information on the family members, social status, occupation, and neighbors of the named individuals. Early land deeds are especially detailed and predate most other record sources, increasing the importance of land records the further back a researcher goes.   Why Land Deeds?Land records are an especially powerful genealogical resource, especially when used in conjunction with other records, for breaching brick walls or in building a case where no one record provides a record of relationship. Deeds are an important genealogical resource because: U.S. land deeds often involve more people than other genealogical sources - providing a potential source for information on family members, neighbors, and even friends. Land deeds help to locate a person in a particular area at a particular time. Deed books at the county courthouse are only copies of the original land deeds, so land records are especially useful in areas where a courthouse fire has destroyed most of the records prior to a certain date. Because property was valuable, most people would bring their original deeds back to the courthouse following a fire or other catastrophe so that they could be re-recorded.Deeds can be used to distinguish two men with identical names by locating one or both on a particular piece of property.Deeds that transfer property by will or estate may name all children and their spouses.Deeds, in conjunction with tax lists, can often help to reconstruct an entire neighborhood - making it easier to find potential migration patterns Deed versus GrantWhen researching land deeds it is important to understand the difference between a grant or patent, and a deed. A grant is the first transfer of a piece of property from some government entity into the hands of an individual, so if your ancestor acquired land by grant or patent then he was the original private land owner. A deed, however, is the transfer of property from one individual to another, and covers pretty much all land transactions following the original grant of land. Types of DeedsDeed books, records of property transfers for a particular county, are usually under the jurisdiction of the Registrar of Deeds and can be found at the local county courthouse. In the New England states of Connecticut, Rhode Island, and Vermont, land deeds are kept by the town clerks. In Alaska, deeds are registered at the district level and, in Louisiana, deed records are kept by the parish. Deed books contain records of a variety of land sales and transfers: Deed of SaleDeed of GiftStrawman SaleLease ReleaseMortgage SaleEstate Settlement Next How to Locate Land Deeds Land transfers between individuals, also known as deeds, are typically recorded in deed books. The original deed was retained by the land owner, but a full copy of the deed was recorded by the clerk in the deed book for the locality. Deed books are kept at the county level for most U.S. states, though in some areas they may be kept at the city or town level. If youre researching in Alaska, then the county-equivalent is known as a district, and in Louisiana, as a parish. The first step in searching for land deeds and deed indexes is to learn about the locality where your ancestors lived. Begin by asking yourself the following questions: Do land records exist for your area and time period of interest?What county had jurisdiction at the time period (the present-day county where the land is located may not have always had jurisdiction due to changing county boundaries)? Are deed records still in county custody or have they been moved to some other location?What is the county seat and what is the name of the deed office (Register of Deeds is the most common name used for the office)? Once you have determined where to search for land deeds, the next step is to search the deed indexes. This can be a bit more difficult than it sounds because different localities may have their deeds indexed in different formats and many deed indexes have not been computerized. Searching the IndexMost U.S. counties have a grantor index, otherwise known as a sellor index, of their land deeds. Most also have a grantee, or buyer, index. In cases where their is no grantee index, you must read wade through all of the entries in the seller index to locate the buyers. Depending upon the locality, a number of different seller and buyer indexes may be in use. The easiest ones to use are alphabetized lists which cover, in order of recording, all deeds recorded within a particular county. A variation on this type of deed index is a list indexed by first initial of the surnames within a selected period of time (about fifty years or more). All A surnames are grouped unalphabetized in the page order in which they are found, followed by all B surnames, and so on. Sometimes surnames which are very common in the area will be grouped by themselves. Other indexes commonly found used to index deeds includ Paul Company Indexes, the Burr Record Index, the Campbell Index, the Rus sell Index, and the Cott Index. From Deed Index to DeedMost deed indexes provide a substantial amount of information including the date of the deed transaction, the names of the grantor and grantee, plus the book and page number where the deed entry can be found in the deed books. Once you have located the deeds in the index, it is a relatively simple task to find the deeds themselves. You can either visit or write to the Register of Deeds yourself or browse the microfilm copies of the deed books at a library, archives, or through your local Family History Center. Next Deciphering the Deeds Although the legal language and old handwriting styles found in old deeds may seem a bit intimidating, deeds are actually organized into predictable parts. The exact format of the deed will vary from locale to locale, but the overall structure remains the same. The following elements are found in most deeds: This IndentureThis is the most common opening for a deed and will frequently be found written in larger letters than the rest of the deed. Some earlier deeds dont use this language, but instead will start with words such as To all to whom these presents shall come greeting... ...made and entered into this fifteenth day of February in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and seventy five.This is the date of the actual deed transaction, not necessarily the date it was proved in court, or recorded by the clerk. The date of the deed will often be found written out, and may appear here at the beginning of the deed, or later near the end. ...between Cherry and Judah Cherry his wife...of the one part, and Jesse Haile of the county and state aforesaidThis is the section of the deed that names the parties involved (the grantor and grantee). Sometimes this section includes details which added to make it clear which William Crisp or Tom Jones was meant. Additionally, this section may also indicate relationships between the involved parties. Specifically, watch for details on place of residence, occupation, seniority, name of spouse, position relating to the deed (executor, guardian, etc.), and statements of relationship. ...for and in consideration of the sum of ninety dollars to them in hand paid, the receipt of which is hereby acknowledgedThe term consideration is usually used for the section of the deed which acknowledges payment. The sum of money which changed hands is not always specified. If it is not, be careful not to assume that it indicates a deed of gift between family members or friends. Some people just liked to keep their financial matters private. This section of the deed is usually found immediately after the names of the parties to the deed, though sometimes it may be found mentioned between the parties. ...a certain tract or parcel of land situate lying and being in the State and County aforesaid containing by estimation one hundred acres more or less butted and bounded as follows Beginning in a Cashy Swamp at the mouth of a Branch then up said branch...The statement of property should include the acreage and the political jurisdiction (the county, and possibly the township). In public-land states it is given by the rectangular survey coordinates and in subdivisions it is given by lot and block number. In state-land states, the description (such as in the example above) includes a description of the property lines, including waterways, trees, and adjoining land owners. This is known as a metes and bounds survey and usually starts with the word Beginning written in extra large letters. ...to have and to hold the above said bargained premises to him the said Jesse Haile his heirs and assigns foreverThis is typical beginning for the final section of the deed. It is usually full of legal terms and generally covers items such as possible encumberances or restrictions on the land (back taxes, outstanding mortgages, joint owners, etc.). This section will also list any restrictions on use of the land, payment terms for mortages if it is a deed of mortgage, etc. ...whereof we have set our hands and fixed our seals this fifteenth day of February in the year of our Lord God one thousand seven hundred and seventy five. Signed Sealed and delivered in presence of us...If the deed wasnt dated at the beginning, then you will find the date here at the end. This is also the section for signatures and witnesses. It is important to understand that the signatures found in the deed books are not true signatures, they are just copies made by the clerk as he recorded from the original deed.

Ecology Lab Report 2 Scientific Method on Birds - 716 Words

Ecology Lab 2 scientific method of birds In today’s lab we learned about the scientific method and a hypothesis. We talked about how ecologists have an issue when experimenting because they cannot control some environmental factors. Therefore the probability of repeatability in an ecological experiment in often minimal. We then went into talking about the importance of an experimenter’s hypothesis. We summed up a hypothesis as just being an assumption that could be put to the test. After we talked about some examples of a hypothesis we went into talking about the different types of research. For my two experiments in today’s lab I used natural experiments. A natural experiment is one of the most relevant types of experiments an†¦show more content†¦For my own ecological experiment and hypothesis I came up with the idea that blue birds hang around my garden because they like to eat the beetles that are around my tomato plant. There numbers would be reliant upon how high there source was, for exa mple the more beetles there were, the more blue birds would be there. A natural experiment would be more favorable than a lab experiment because this is happening in nature. I would have to collect the size of the garden, the number of tomato plants, the number of beetles collected at a certain time, and a field camera to count the number of times a bluebird swoops in. I think stratified random sampling technique would be the best because the number of tomato plants could impact the number of birds and beetles. Season would also be an important factor for this experiment. I would expect there to be more birds, beetles, and tomato plants depending upon the size of the garden. I think my first experiment with bees could be improved several ways. We could collect the certain type of flowers that the bees were at. Collecting the certain type of bee could also prove useful. We could go into great detail of what type of bees were attracted to what type of flower. Adding in what type of weather and what type of day got the most bees present around the flowers. I could even add in what types of bees were around what type of trees. I could improveShow MoreRelatedDinoflagellate Algae5041 Words   |  21 Pagesoceanic are encouraging algal growth and increasing the frequency and geographic range of high density dinoflagellate blooms. Public health and economic impacts, as well as negative ecological effects of the aquatic environment are increasing the scientific research done on toxic dinoflagellate species. Contaminated bivalves are causing paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) and diarrhetic shellfish poisoning in humans (DSP); with the number of cases increasing steadily in the last 40 years. Toxins releasedRead MoreBp Oil Spill Analysis Essay6383 Words   |  26 Pagescategories. 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Film Analysis Of Vincent Gallos Buffalo 66 - 1083 Words

â€Å"All my life I’ve been a lonely boy.† Vincent Gallo’s Buffalo 66 is a peculiar, surreal film to analyze. As a semi-autobiographical work, Buffalo 66 greatly exaggerates the events in the film and makes the viewers suspend disbelief on more than one occasion. Yet despite this, the main focus of this film is a broken Billy Brown’s emotionally raw journey seeking revenge but instead finding unconditional love through Layla in the end, and the formalist film techniques used here enhance this. Through the deliberate use of photography, staging, and movement, Buffalo 66 works as a formalistic classicism film, a predominantly classicism film with strong elements of formalism, on the style continuum. Gallo’s use of cinematography, even though his†¦show more content†¦The camerawork emphasizes the sense of detachment between the characters, and Billy’s inability with connecting with others. In addition, the film has a contrasty, bleak look to it, like a faded photograph. Gallo shot the movie on reversal film stock to capture that contrast and grain, in attempt to reproduce the same look of football games from the late 1960’s and early 1970’s. Buffalo 66’s staging conveys many themes. One memorable use of staging is the dinner table scene with Billy, Layla, and Billy’s mother and father. To exaggerate the emotional emptiness of the scene, the scene is framed in a medium long shot; however, the viewers see only three sides of the dinner table at any given moment, like a stage. The characters in the scene range from a personal to social distance. A most prominent detail in this scene, aside from the empty space, is the Buffalo memorabilia present in both the background and foreground. All conversations are either three way or two way, with one person constantly disappearing. The viewer has no way to identify with any particular character; thus, the viewers feel alienated from the dysfunctional family much like how Billy feels with his parents. As mentioned previously in the car scene, Billy is a character who has difficulty connecting with others. Towards the end of the second act of the film, there is a scene when Billy and Layla lie on a motel bed, attempting to be more intimate with

No-Tipping Movement Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the No-Tipping Movement. Answer: Introduction In the current time, one of the major trends witnessing by the culinary industries is the no-tipping movement. According to this trend, restaurants are changing the concept of having tips by the servers from the customers by providing them higher hourly wages. It is assumed that paying them more will restrict them from having tips. This will in turn enhance the goodwill of the restaurant among the customers (Whaley, Douglas ONeill, 2014). This trend is becoming more popular in the recent time due to the reason that restaurants are concentrating more enhancing the service quality and increase the level of satisfaction among the customers. However, there are some issues are also being faced by this no-tipping movement. One of the key issues is the resistance from the side of the servers regarding the stoppage of the tipping concept. Currently this movement started in the United States and different types of restaurants in terms of cuisines and sizes are involved in it. Body According to the article, no-tipping movement attracting mixed response in the market. Some of the restaurants owners are having positive opinions and some are having negative opinions. Moreover, it is also stated that setting the menu price high may limit the attractiveness of the restaurants. This is due to the reason that customers tend to get less attracted with having higher quoted price. On the other hand, it is also stated in the article that stoppage of tipping concept will demoralize the servers. This is due to the reason that they will get more motivated in pricing effective customer service when they are having the expectation of receiving something as tips. According to Even and Macpherson (2014), movement of the no-tipping concept in the restaurant industries is majorly having negative impacts due to the degradation of the service quality of the average restaurants. In addition, it is also stated by the authors that removal of the tipping concept will further demoralize the employees associated with the restaurant industry regardless of having increased the minimum wage. Brewster (2013) stated that tipping concept in the restaurants is having more implications rather than just having extra earnings for the servers. According to the authors, servers are having the perception that tips of the customers get determined by the quality of the services being provided to them. Thus, having tipping concept in turn will motivate the servers in enhancing the service quality. This is not being applicable if it is removed with the increase in the minimum wage. Future implications It is highly unlikely that this trend will continue for long and will be sustainable. This is due to the reason that restaurant industries are having restaurants in different sizes and with different set of target customer segments. Thus, the concept of the no-tipping will not be applicable for the smaller restaurants. They will not be able to afford the increased rate of minimum wages (Yesiltas et al., 2014). Maybe this trend will be limited among the higher end restaurants only in the next 5 years. Conclusion Thus it can be concluded that though the concept of no-tipping is positive in sense but it will not be applicable across every restaurants in the culinary industry. Moreover, this report also concludes that initiation of the no-tipping concept will reduce the level of service quality among the servers. References Brewster, Z. W. (2013). The effects of restaurant servers perceptions of customers tipping behaviors on service discrimination.International Journal of Hospitality Management,32, 228-236. Even, W. E., Macpherson, D. A. (2014). The effect of the tipped minimum wage on employees in the US restaurant industry.Southern Economic Journal,80(3), 633-655. Whaley, J. E., Douglas, A. C., ONeill, M. A. (2014). What's in a tip? The creation and refinement of a restaurant-tipping motivations scale: A consumer perspective.International Journal of Hospitality Management,37, 121-130. Yesiltas, M., Zorlu, O., Sop, S. A., Beydilli, E. T. (2014). The Effects of Service Quality on Customers' Tipping Behavior.International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences,4(8), 430.

History of Body Modifications

Introduction Body alteration or otherwise body modification involves the deliberate changing of one’s natural composition. There are many reasons to carry out body modification among them being aesthetics, marking a rite of passage among some cultures, portrayal of certain sexual enhancements, displaying body arts, and depicting affiliation to certain membership groups among others.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on History of Body Modifications specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Body modifications take a variety of forms including plastic surgery, socially acceptable decorations, for instance ear piercing, and religious rites of passage, for instance circumcision among others. Today, types of body modifications have expanded to include practices such as cosmetic surgery and body implants. From a sociological perspective, some practices of body modifications have attracted many controversies. Some of these con troversies are akin to the notion of â€Å"attempting to beautify the natural form of a body often leading to charges of disfiguration and mutilation† (Atkinson, 2004, p.125). Consequently, critics of body modifications that encompass extreme alterations of the natural form of the human body as indicative of symptoms of dysmorphic disorder, evidence of some mental illness, or even a portrayal of some unchecked sanity. Indeed, unlicensed cosmetic surgeries are often considered illegal in many nations since they threaten the lives of their wearers. From the perspective of non-universal acceptability of some forms of body modifications, this study examines and evaluates how body modification practices have been understood as acts of inscription. Besides, the study points out why such modifications are understood as practices of difference. An effort is also made to discuss what happens when people read about body modifications with the aim of analysing how they represent embodie d experiences within sociology. Understanding Body Modifications as acts of Inscription Body modifications can act as a means of inscribing people’s experiences and moments in life that one may not wish to forget. For instance, inscription of love on one’s body may act as a constant reminder of emotional attachment to certain people. Indeed, people have their arms inscribed with the names of their lovers and demised close family members such as their mothers, sisters, brothers, or even their fathers among others. By so doing, it means that an inscribed tattoo reminds one’s of the demise of close relative in a physical form of a body modification. Apart from the inscription of love, some people have had their bodies inscribed with names of places across the globe where they have ever visited at particular times.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A good example of such a scenario is described by the Art of Listening (2007) with a man having â€Å"his arms and chest bearing the name of a place: Burma, Singapore, and Malaysia† (p.71). Furthermore, according to the Art of Listening (2007), body modifications can be incredible mechanisms of showing inscriptions that tell the whole lot of one’s eulogy in a more real and exhaustive manner. This assertion is implied by the Art of Listening (2007) when it describes the man as having â€Å"on his right arm a figure of an Indian woman dancing with her hands clasped together above her head with her skin darkened by the tattooist’s ink† (p.71). Surprisingly, the a man also has a tattoo that shows how his voyage came to an end through inscription as if his body was a canvas for the depiction of the most important life events encountered in the voiceless patient’s life. The above arguments introduce the deeply seated attachments for body modifications through tattoos t o life’s events and certain material possessions to which the wearer of the tattoos is deeply attached. This case suggests that body inscriptions can be predominantly understood as acts of inscriptions. For instance, in the history of Europe and Britain, tattooing as an inscription is a well-developed culture. Specifically, a myriad of historians have shown with success that there is a connection between the penal code coupled with property rights with tattoos won by the Celts, Greeks, and even among Romans (Atkinson, 2004). Such relationships appear also to be a history characteristic of all people irrespective of their cultural or religious affiliations. For instance, among the Romans, some Christians inscribe themselves with body modifications carrying the image of Christ as a way of speaking volumes of the amount of devotion they have towards Him. There also exists a stringent connection between body inscriptions with pilgrimages. For example, as the Art of Listening (200 7) argues, â€Å"early modern pilgrims to Palestine were tattooed with Christian symbols available in Jerusalem†¦they brought their marked bodies home as evidence of their sacred travel† (p.72). Elsewhere, a similar practice also took place amongst pilgrimage to various places such as Loreto, Italy, during the 16th century. The argument here is that body modifications can be understood as inscriptions of events and life experiences that people would like to be forever embedded in their physical forms such that other people would recognise such experiences while they see the body modifications. In the physical state, it becomes possible to evidence experiences through some more tangible formats as opposed to evidencing memories through a word of mouth.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on History of Body Modifications specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The discussion of body modifications as a representation of inscriptions implies that people use their bodies to act as a canvas for displaying political coupled with cultural manipulations. It is perhaps also impossible to avoid body modifications. This argument is perhaps imperative by considering, â€Å"a body is also directly involved in the political field†¦power relations have an immediate hold upon it†¦they invest in it, mark it, train it, torture it, force it to carry out tasks, to perform ceremonies, and to emit signs† (Art of Listening, 2007, p. 73). To expand this argument, it is important to note that, during incidences such as military training or participation in wars, though involuntarily, human body is modified. People having such modifications have strong messages, which act as reminders of painful experiences magnificently inscribed in their bodies. This case implies that the human body is painted in totality by inscribed history either voluntarily or involuntarily. Understanding Body Modification as ac ts of Difference Literature on body modifications indicates that there are contrasting views concerning body alterations. One perspective point of view is that people should have a noble right to do whatever they want with their bodies in the attempt to make it different from the natural body. In this context, Victoria (1994) reckons, â€Å"amidst an almost universal feeling of powerlessness to change the world, individuals are changing what they do have power over: their bodies† (p.19). In this context, it is crucial to note that representation of body modification as an act of difference implies that the permission to modify one’s body is a major milestone in enabling people to assert full control over their bodies. To enhance this control, people are given noble opportunities to make choices on the manners through which they can make their bodies different from regular bodies. This provision enshrines and further suggests, â€Å"The notion of difference within the modified body† (Victoria, 1994, p.19). The resulting difference is portrayed by both embracement of the modifications by participants in the debate of body modifications and analysis of the implications of the modifications. Although body adjustments are deeply rooted within the cultural histories of different people, their evolution has made them representative of differences in cultural shifts. In the modern day, communication is effected through different channels many of which do not require physical contact to be effective.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Body modification is perhaps one of the ways of enhancing this change since people’s affiliations can be effectively communicated in non-verbal ways through piercings and some form of tattoos. Victoria (1994) is also inclined to this line of argument by further informing, â€Å"body modifications are understood as ways of communicating individual and personal affiliations and as such is perceived as a conscious act of self-making† (p.22). Arguably, therefore, body modification may be a representative of mental activities residing inside an individual. Such psychological conducts vary from one individual to another. Consequently, if body modifications can reflect these differences, it is arguable that they are a representation of differences between different people living with the society. Stilwell (2009) describes body modifications as unusual. Essentially, this statement implies that they are different from the normal bodies in their natural state. Victoria (1994) fu rther suggests that, via reflexive body techniques, â€Å"the creation of reflexive self includes activities from washing hair to being multiply pierced† (p.73). He deploys this assertion to conclude, â€Å"the reflexive self that body techniques help to construct, at least in relations to body modification practices, fall within familiar terms: modified body is made unusual† (p.22). While the culture of body modifications may be deeply seated within the roots of certain cultural heritages, engagement in multiple body modifications, for instance, multiple ear piercing or multiple tattoos, suggests a shift from one set of cultural affiliation to another. Many scholars in socio-biology contend that having multiple body modifications is an unusual and statistically rare practice. Therefore, such practices can be classified as falling in the marginal zones. Victoria (1994) supports the assertion, â€Å"many body modifications practices are indefinable through their margin ality and their expressive differences from everyday life activities such as brushing teeth† (p.23). This argument suggests and supports the notion that a modified body is unusual. Hence, it is a representation of differences. In the discussion of body modifications as acts of differences, it is crucial to evaluate the rhetoric of representation of individuality through body modifications as opposed to compliance to subscribe to collective ways of life determined by an individual’s culture. Indeed, the capacity of an individual to represent individuality is invoked for the purposes of fully expressing the intrinsic perspective of that person in a phenotypic manner. This effort entails a revelation of what represents a real individual. For complete distinctions between persons to be made, an act of portrayal of differences is important. Without such differences, it is presumable that people are all similar. Mannerisms and ways of life are perhaps some of the ample mechan isms of displaying differences between people for which body modifications are essential for consideration as differentiation criteria. Thus, body adjustments are a means for resonance of various images residing within an individual, which otherwise would remain in the silent mode. In the struggle to attain individual independence, behaving and thinking distinctively from other people are among the pivotal pillars for being one’s self. The above argument is crucial by considering that body modifications have been argued by some scholars as attempts to be fashion-trend cautious. However, it is equally important to note that fashions are dynamic. Hence, their change is inevitable. Unfortunately, when a person’s modification markings have been made, it is difficult to change them as new ways of body alterations emerge. Stilwell (2009) supports this line of view by asserting, â€Å"Once a commitment has been made, body modifications are difficult, costly, and sometimes im possible to remove† (p.23). In this extent, obsessions with piercings and tattoos may be seen as mechanisms of portrayal of a decisive action to run away from pressures exerted by the forces of fashion. Although media may bombard people with permanent body modifications with new ads of fashion, people may escape the coercive force of media by ensuring that their bodies are marked permanently. This way, it becomes possible to mark differences between generations without feeling outdated. What happens when people read body modifications? Reading about body modifications gives rise to valid perceptions and reactions. From one perspective, â€Å"having a tattoo, or a pierced ear, is a moment when boundaries are breached, involving hurt and healing† (Art of Listening, 2007, p.73). This case implies that, whenever one hears of body modification, the immediate reaction that runs through the mind of an individual is the capacity to withstand deep pain. Therefore, it appears tha t people having body modifications have an exceedingly higher ability to withstand situations involving alteration of their natural bodies. Now, it sounds incredible to infer that reading about body modifications creates the feeling that its procedure entails undergoing corporal experiences. Through such experiences, there is a change in the relationship between the internal and external components of the human body. In this extent, Stilwell (2009) reckons that body modifications involve, â€Å"perforating the boundary between the internal and external so that the external becomes internal and the external becomes external† (p.23). Consequently, people reading about body modifications have the impression that, with the body modification technologies, the external and internal bodies of human beings have no boundaries. One can read and analyse the presence of a body modification in an individual from the many contexts including trauma following the healing process associated w ith undergoing a body modification procedure and permanence among other ways. Nevertheless, an individual does not predominantly solicit for these associations. They do not necessarily emanate from an individual’s choice. For instance, undergoing some body modifications involving mutilations is not a choice. As part of a society’s cultural norms, society advocates and ensures that body modifications procedures are enforced. One of the emerging central questions that a reader of literature on the body modifications is whether it is appropriate for people to withstand huge extents of pains, which would otherwise be avoided. Unfortunately, the human body is subject to social, political, and cultural manipulations. Arguments in support of body modifications may be interpreted to mean that the natural form of the human body is not complete. Many people would be immensely interested in exploring various mechanisms of making it complete. Most importantly, one would be interes ted in knowing how such improvements might impair or enhance the normal performance of the human body. Essentially, body modifications are done using tools, which are technologically developed. In this context, a person reading literature on the theory of body modifications would want to interrogate the mental image developed that body modifications are indicative of the extents to which some people embrace technology. Stilwell (2009) is also inclined to this line of argument by further suggesting that modified body may â€Å"not only loosely identify a body, which incorporates technology, but also one that refers to a style† (p.26). Consequently, it is possible for people reading literature on body modifications to interpret the arguments in support of body modifications as implying that those people who have not at any moment won any modifications are not fashion cautious concerning body modifications brought about by technological developments. Indeed, if body modification s are indicative of the extents and levels of emotional attachments or how significant a close relative or a lover is to a person, reading on body modifications would suggest persons not having inscriptions of love in the form of, say, tattoos, are less attached to their loved ones. When people read about body modifications, it is probable that they would change the manner in which they view themselves. This argument means that their individuality would change. After developing knowledge on how a tattoo fitting the entire back of an individual is made, it evokes fear and doubts of one’s ability to endure pain. In fact, physical endurance is one of the reasons why people modify their bodies. Wohlrab, Stahl, and Kappeler (2007) support this argument by positing, â€Å"statements about testing one’s threshold for pain endurance, overcoming personal limits such as pain, the pain experience as such and showing off of own endorphins associated with painful penetration of th e body, anesthetising, and developing a positive feeling are some of the reasons for undergoing body modifications procedures (p.91). Although some curiosity of the wearer is satisfied, reading literature on body modifications from the perspective that it is one of the noble ways for people to quantify the extents to which they can endure torturing and humiliating moments in life raises the question on value addition of such an experience on people life (Stilwell, 2009). Arguably, therefore, reading literature on body modifications creates the impressions that the human body is reducible to a piece of canvas for experimentations on one’s level of creativity to capture the essence of nature and record people’s experiences encountered in their life long struggles. Gaining knowledge on the pain involved in the body modifications process gives a reader an opportunity to evaluate the appropriateness of declarations of some forms of body modifications as illegal by some legi slative authorities. Some of such modifications include surgeries, which are conducted illegally in the extent that they may threaten the life of individuals wearing them. Illegalisation implies that the proponents of body modifications who believe that, by modifying one’s body, one gains the ability to take charge and control of his or her body in the effort to create a difference are mistaken. The claim holds because, if one does not have the freedom to conduct some forms of body manipulations, the body, or the life people belong to the state. In fact, the right of life is under the protection and enshrinement of many constitutional frameworks of different nations as part of universal human rights. No person is given the right to take or even expose his or her life to danger (Atkinson, 2004). Does it is then sound substantively worth to consider some form of body modifications described in the literature on body modification as attempting to test the superiority of law on h uman right enshrined within constitutions of many nations? This issue is perhaps one of the ample questions that people reading literature on body modification would gabble with. How people represent body modifications and representation of embodied experiences within sociology People represent body modification and their embodied experiences differently in sociology. For instance, Victoria (1994) Wojcik believes that body modifications’ â€Å"movement is an outgrowth of punk in his punk and neo-tribal body art† (p.6). The author of the book also identified the sociological representation of body modifications as being driven by transformative approaches to alerting the capacity of the body to portray both anger and shocks. Often in sociological contexts, there have emerged new forms of body modifications, which exhibits and signals to other people that one belongs to a particular class or a certain culture. In such situations, embodied experiences are represented with in sociology in the form of politicisation of â€Å"the body as a primary site of social control and regulation, a site upon which to imagine a new culture of the body that is more spiritual, healthful, empowered, and sexually liberated† (Victoria, 1994, p.6). Feminism, as a new culture, has positioned strong arguments on the misuse of the women bodies by maintaining that it has often been used in a manner beyond their (women) control such as forced prostitution. Feminist movements have constantly advocated for the liberation of woman’s body, â€Å"which has been repressed by the western patriarchal religious transitions, as well as turned into an object to be dominated and controlled within convectional western medicine† (Victoria,1994, p.7). Liberation of the woman means that she is free to use her body the way she feels pleased. In this end, body modifications are some of the ways of highlighting the fracturing of control over one’s body. This mode of representation of embodied experiences of people is not only a doctrine of feminist but also with the emergence of the gay culture. New discussions and practices have been assimilated in the society (Atkinson, 2004). These discussions surround the representation of embodied experience of sexuality and the need for a means of identifications of one’s sexuality inclinations. This case has resorted to the emergence of debates on body style and modifications perceived by some opposing sexual inclinations as deviant. Among such body modifications and styles include, â€Å"use of leather, tattooing, and piecing within fetish practices and SN, as well as transgendered dress, adornments, and permanent and semi permanent modifications† (Victoria,1994, p.7). Consequently, people represent body modifications through alterations of their natural body forms with the aim of representing their embodied cultural experiences that identify their social interaction affiliations in a visu al way through modifications. Representation of embodied experiences among different people is an issue that has manifested itself in social contexts in valid forms. For instance, among feminists, the perception that women should have full authority to control the image of their bodies by means of self-inscription has attracted controversy among feminists and alternative communities for women. The question of sociological manifestations of representation of embodied body modifications experiences is centrally located within the perspectives of feminism. As Atkinson (2004) notes, there is immense â€Å"sex debates over sadomasochism, and feminist struggles for the political significance of body and body roles† (p.128). To satisfy socially anticipated roles for women, it also seems in the social fronts that some members of the society have lesser roles to play in determining whether to wear body modifications or not. For example, societal anticipations that women should be plea sing imply that one of the roles of the body is to appeal. In the effort to satisfy this demand, women often undergo body modifications such as plastic surgery and modifications induced by compulsive dieting. Conclusion People who do not have any interest on the subject of body modifications may perceive the subjects as presenting minimal situations for analysis in the effort to make conclusive judgments that determine the appropriate course of actions adopted by practitioners coupled with participants in the field of body modifications. However, as argued in the paper, discussions of body modifications incite valid views, which are insinuated socially and politically. The paper argued that the history of body modifications is rich dating as early as the 16th century in places like Rome and among various pilgrims. Additionally, it was also held that the practice of body modification has evolved to act as a social representation of culture, sexuality inclinations, and a capacity to p ersevere pain and shock without negating the means of representing differences among people amidst other ways. Reference List Art of Listening. (2007). Inscriptions of love. London: Routledge. Atkinson, M. (2004). Tattooing and civilising processes: Body modification as self-control. Canadian Review of Sociology Anthropology, 4(1), 125–146. Stilwell, N. (2009). The Sense and Sensation of Body Modifications Practice. London, University of London, Goldsmith College. Victoria, P. (1994). In The Fresh: The Cultural Politics of Body Modification. London: Palgrave Macmillan. Wohlrab, S., Stahl, J., Kappeler, P. (2007). Modifying the body: motivations for getting tattooed and pierced. Body Image, 4(2), 87–95. This essay on History of Body Modifications was written and submitted by user Gemma Bell to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Functionalist vrs Marxist

Compare and contrast the Functionalist and Marxist explanations of the role of education in modern society? The functionalists and the Marxists both believe that the education system benefits everyone, but both have different views on society. The Marxist views of the education system are that there are conflicts because there is an inequality between the working class and the higher classes. They believe that there are two different classes which education produces, and that is the working class and the ruling class. The people who don't achieve good grades in school and who aren't very bright, will be known in society as the working class, and so won't have very good status jobs in society, and the people that do brilliantly in school and who are very intelligent are the ones who get good jobs and important jobs in society, so they are seen as the ruling class, which is above the working class. This theory that the Marxists has, is similar to the theory that the functionalists have, and that is that the education system could also be known as a role allocation. This is where a persons jo b is allocated to them through there grades from school, so if the person does well, then they will get a more important job, however if a person does not do that well, then the person will have a low status job in society. However, the functionalist's view of society is that it is meritocratic, which means that those who do well will achieve more in life and will receive rewards for their hard work, which fits in with the role allocation idea of those who do well in school, will end up having the better jobs in the adult world, and that the role of education benefits everyone equally. The Marxists believe that the role of education benefits the ruling class only, and that is where there is a difference between the two theorists. A functionalist named Durkheim believes that the education system introduces the importance of social solidarity in people... Free Essays on Functionalist vrs Marxist Free Essays on Functionalist vrs Marxist Compare and contrast the Functionalist and Marxist explanations of the role of education in modern society? The functionalists and the Marxists both believe that the education system benefits everyone, but both have different views on society. The Marxist views of the education system are that there are conflicts because there is an inequality between the working class and the higher classes. They believe that there are two different classes which education produces, and that is the working class and the ruling class. The people who don't achieve good grades in school and who aren't very bright, will be known in society as the working class, and so won't have very good status jobs in society, and the people that do brilliantly in school and who are very intelligent are the ones who get good jobs and important jobs in society, so they are seen as the ruling class, which is above the working class. This theory that the Marxists has, is similar to the theory that the functionalists have, and that is that the education system could also be known as a role allocation. This is where a persons jo b is allocated to them through there grades from school, so if the person does well, then they will get a more important job, however if a person does not do that well, then the person will have a low status job in society. However, the functionalist's view of society is that it is meritocratic, which means that those who do well will achieve more in life and will receive rewards for their hard work, which fits in with the role allocation idea of those who do well in school, will end up having the better jobs in the adult world, and that the role of education benefits everyone equally. The Marxists believe that the role of education benefits the ruling class only, and that is where there is a difference between the two theorists. A functionalist named Durkheim believes that the education system introduces the importance of social solidarity in people...

'Social divisions are now much less significant than they were fifty Essay

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Plagiarism Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Plagiarism - Coursework Example When three or more words are used in a sentence from the original source and there is no clear citing, plagiarism occurs. The writer does not appropriately cite the sources used. He or she should have included in-text citation in the passage to avoid plagiarism (Strout & Frame, 2004, p. 171-181). The student should have used direct quotation in writing about doctors whose allegiance is always torn between the drug researchers and trustworthy consumers, leaving the important lot, the patients, unattended. Paraphrasing involves taking someone’s idea and presenting it in your own words. Changing words from the original document is still considered plagiarism even if the author is cited. The paraphrased sentence, on how hard it is to know whether a conflict between researchers, doctors and the drug stakeholders has tainted results should have been in-text cited. He should have included an in-text citation after the sentence. Hence, there is plagiarism in the sentence (Lunsford & Rober, 1995). Materials or documents that use facts, statistics, figures, arguments, speculations or opinions without proper citing are plagiarized materials. This is because the writer is not the source of the work, and therefore could be cheating deliberately (Strout & Frame, 2004, p. 171-181). Paraphrases with no citation are also plagiarism. A paraphrased document or work should be properly cited to acknowledge the author. Changing words in the original word without citation is plagiarism (Lunsford & Rober, 1995). Misplaced citations give rise to plagiarism. If direct quotation or paraphrasing is used, the reference should come at the end of the document or material cited. Any summarized, quoted or paraphrased idea that comes after the citation is plagiarized (Grunabaum, 1944, p. 243-53). Every piece of information that does not come from someone’s research or common knowledge should be cited. This includes facts, statistics, figures, arguments, speculations and opinions.

Inner Beauty Matters Essay Example for Free

Inner Beauty Matters Essay Inner beauty matters How many times do we see ourselves in the mirror and make negative comments about our looks. I’m not pretty or I’m too fat or I’m too overweight. These are few of the phrases that first come to mind in most girls when they look at themselves in the mirror. Well, 90% of teenage girls do not like the way they look or appear. The reason for that is in our society you get attention from people if you look attractive and stunning. Some girls who are overweight would get negative comments from peers like- ‘That girl is too ugly’ or ‘That girl looks like a bulldozer’. Fat is not something you have, it is something you are. We dont say You have fat, we say, You are fat. We identify with our bodies. So the teenager gets the message that this fatness is badness. Some of the teenagers who don’t accept the way they look, try to change themselves by dieting which leads to illnesses and diseases like anorexia. Dieting is the practice of ingesting food in a regulated fashion to achieve or maintain a controlled weight. In most cases the goal is weight loss in those who are overweight or obese, but some people these days start dieting because they want to change the way they appear to the society. But what really matters in life? An old proverb states, â€Å"Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. † Something or someone is beautiful, depending on the perspective of the person looking in. But the major thing that matters is- Is the person good-looking from inside? Because Without a doubt inner beauty lasts forever whereas outer beauty fades. Anyone can fake the outside to make himself or herself look better and pretty but inner beauty cant be faked. For example you could be the most beautiful person in the world but if you have a horrible personality it just makes you ugly. Your body image is how you perceive, think and feel about your body but this may have no link at all on your actual appearance. For instance, it is common in Western nations for women to believe they are larger and fatter than they really are. Only 16% of women are satisfied with their body weight. Our body shape is already decided before we are born. Each one of us is a unique human being with our own genes from our mum and dad. There is only one person in the world shaped like you. Dieting does not change body shape. The distribution of weight on your body is going to stay the same so learn to love who you are. Dieting is not effective dieting changes a persons metabolism so that they are more likely to lose muscle mass than fat. Instead of dieting to look better and attractive, you can exercise, which is the best and safest way to become healthier. Feeling good about your body as it is helps you to maintain a positive outlook in other areas of your life.

An Analysis of Robert Frosts Mending Wall :: Mending Wall Essays

An Analysis of Robert Frost's Mending Wall Mending Wall, by Robert Frost portrays the routines of two neighbors who are constantly mending the fence, or wall, that separates their properties. If a stone is missing form the fence, you can bet that the two men are out there putting it back together piece by piece. Frost's description of every detail in this poem is quite interesting, very pleasant to read, and extremely imaginable. He leaves the reader to decide for himself what deductions he is to make from the reading. On one hand, Frost makes literal implications about what the two men are doing. For instance, they are physically putting the stones back, one by one. Their dedication, commitment, and constant drive shines through when reading how persistence these men seem about keeping the wall intact. Quite the contrary however, is the inferences that something even deeper is going on. There is a sharing experience taking place here. Indeed, by laboring so hard, each man is experiencing physical repercussions, but they are also using this time as a "meet and greet" period. We can gather from the beginning of the poem that the wall has many forces that keep's it in shambles. For instance, Frost writes; "...that sends the frozen ground swell under it and spills the upper boulders in the sun...", and "I have come after them(hunters) and made repair where they have left not one stone on a stone..." The man and his neighbor don't seem to have time for anything else, for it sounds as if they are constantly making repairs. Is there a reason for this? It is important to note that not only are these men completing a manly task, but they are also "building" some type of relationship. If this were not an issue, the neighbor would not repeat; "Good fences make good neighbors." As the man tells his story, we find that even though the two men may be conversing and interacting, there is some distance between them at all times. The man says; "...on a day we meet to walk the line and set the wall between us once again." It seems to show that even though there is a need for friendship in each of us, it is equally as necessary for us to have our own space.

Nursing Research Class Notes Essay

Nursing research is the process that underpins all the other things we have talked about. How was it determined that one particular way of carrying out nursing care was better than another way? How was it decided that a particular framework of understanding will explain certain behaviors better than another? When we discussed frameworks of understanding or conceptual models earlier in the course you learnt that there are various ways of viewing mental illness were discussed and the treatments were based upon eradicating or fixing the cause. This can be described as ways of knowing and ways of intervening. These beliefs came about as the result of research. That is asking, and trying to answer such questions as â€Å"Why does this occur?†, â€Å"Does this treatment work better than that treatment?†, â€Å"How do we know?†, â€Å"Do more people improve if we do this rather than that?†. Research is a way of gaining knowledge about concerns that psychiatric nurses have. What is the best way to help this client with this particular distress?† â€Å"Is there any evidence that suggests that this way of caring is better than that?† Nursing research is relatively new in some ways but in other ways gathering-nursing knowledge has been going on since the early days of nursing. Women learned through watching and observing what treatments worked best. This is one particular kind of knowledge. Potter and Perry discuss this in Chapter 5 â€Å"Nurses Ways of Knowing†. Ethical, personal, esthetic knowledge was identified and scientific became one more way of knowing. In terms of nursing research we can re turn to Florence Nightingale who of course made the observation that there were more deaths closer to the open sewer than there were for men whose beds were further away. This is an excellent example of drawing a conclusion by making observations thereby developing new knowledge. Research itself is a way of developing knowledge but there are other ways of developing knowledge. They are differentially respected and acknowledged but each is a way of `knowing’. When you take your research course in fourth year you will learn more about the various kinds of research. For now I just want to highlight the major ways of gathering knowledge. This is Chapter 5 in Potter and Perry and there is also reference to research in Stuart and Laraia under Evidenced Based Practice p 76-83. The opening section of the chapter in Potter and Perry gives a little background on the emergence of nursing practice and theory. Nursing science came into its own: no longer a discipline applying the knowledge of other disciplines but a unique body of knowledge. A good activity for you to consider doing is to go onto the Library website and click on journal holdings, once there search psychiatric nursing. Journals that publish the results of nursing research and in particular psychiatric nursing are a very important part of your reading and learning how to read a research article is an important skill to develop. We will discuss this further momentarily, for now I want now to review ways of gaining knowledge. 1. Tradition certain beliefs are accepted sometimes without too much enquiry. Its â€Å"we’ve always done it that way†. This may be good but sometimes it is appropriate to question these traditions. 2. Expert Authority: Asking an expert or authority is a very common way of gathering information. All of us ask for information from time to time but we also have to be somewhat cautious about confusing information and knowledge. But certainly we do seek out knowledge and assistance from others. There are, of course, some limitations since not all authorities are always right and like tradition, we do not always challenge this knowledge. 3. Experience A lot of what we know we have learned ourselves. Children certainly do this all the time. Sometimes through unfortunate experience like putting their little hand on a hot stove: Learning is also part of knowledge acquisition. But we also solve problems from experience. Like, if I turn off the alarm and don’t get out of bed in the morning, I am late for work. So we learn not to do that. The ability to generalize and recognize patterns and make predictions is one of the hallmarks of the human mind and has been a large part of how our ancestors developed knowledge. It is always rains every time there are black clouds, then the next time you see black clouds, rain is predicted.. But there are limitations, first each person’s experience may be too limited to generalize all the time. Maybe black clouds predicting rain only occurs in your part of the world for some environmental reason. Secondly your personal experiences may be colored by biases. 4. Investigating Ideas: Where would we be if no one pursued their ideas for instance, testing molds for their antibiotic value That the earth is not flat but round 5. Reasoning or Problem Solving Thinking through problems and finding solutions. There are two intellectual methods used in reasoning. Inductive reasoning is the process of drawing conclusions and generalizations from specific observation. For example a nurse may observe anxious behavior in children who are removed from their parents and conclude that separation is a stressful event.. Deductive reasoning. This is the process of developing specific predictions from general principles. For example, if you assume that separation anxiety occurs in children removed from their parents then you may predict that children, in your hospital will show signs of anxiety. So we have gone from a general assumption to a specific’ situation. So, induction is to make or develop a theory from actual observation or grounded in observation. Deduction is to have a hypothesis or a theory and then test it. These terms will become important when you are considering qualitative and quantitative research. Both of these reasoning systems are important for you to think about. They are both useful. But errors can also occur or faulty reasoning. However it may lead to the development of questions 6. The scientific method, which is considered the most objective and accurate way of developing knowledge. However, it, too, can certainly be questioned as you may discover but it is also considered one of the primary ways of developing knowledge. Beginning on p. 85 of Potter and Perry they describe the characteristics of research with a number of definitions you need to study. The sooner you grasp these concepts the better off you will be in future courses. To understand the research process and for your future endeavors I like to begin with the components of a research article in a journal. I have briefly described these below: Title: A succinct description of key elements of the study Running head: Usually a two to three word description of the key elements of the study, which runs at the top of each page. Abstract: A succinct paragraph describing key features of the study, the population studied, the variables manipulated; the findings and discussion point. Usually of 150 words or so. Literature Review: A summary of key research findings from other studies, which lead into your study. If you are studying in a new emerging field this may be short; if in a well established area it may be lengthy or, it might focus on one key area for instance of child development (i.e. there are numerous areas of child development-your study may be focused on cognitive development so it is not required to review all areas of child development within the literature review). The review should provide the reader with an understanding of the area, without missing key studies and without losing the audience with obscurely related information. The literature review should cover research related to your key variables of interest and should draw the reader into your hypotheses. Hypothesis: what you think the relationship between variables is. Depending on the level of research one might have an exploratory hypothesis or you may have predictive hypotheses suggesting the results are going to be in the direction of (one way or the other). This might be a good time to review any of the terms used thus far in Potter and Perry and especially look at table 6-2 which describes levels of research. It is difficult to keep a complex topic simple. Method: The method contains subsections. It usually begins with a description of the sample (who did you interview, who comprised your sample (children, parents, university students etc). One would also find how the sample was selected (was it randomized, was it a captured audience, was it every blonde haired blue eyed left handed boy) Detail is expected. The method section will also describe the research design and procedures. Both are essential for someone else who might say I don’t believe these results. I want to try and replicate the study. Which has been done with interesting results in many areas. Research designs are very complex and influence the type of statistical analysis that can be done. I refer you back to table 6-2 for a beginning understanding of this. Test in struments and their reliability and validity are also expected in the methodology section. Identification of independent and dependent variables would also be described here. The independent variable is that variable you are manipulating i.e. temperature of the room; the dependent variable are the observations you are making i.e. number of complaints of room temperature in a given interval of time. Results: This section will go through sample characteristics, main findings described pictorially sometimes in graphs or may be tables. Results are described matter of factly with little interpretation. Limitations of the study: these become important to the conclusions one can draw. For example if I were studying teen pregnancy and the needs of young mothers and my group ended up being older teens would this be representative of younger teens. Conclusions: This is where results can be interpreted and tied back to the literature review. Were findings supportive to the hypothesis or not and if not what might explain the findings. Implications for nursing practice: it would be found in nursing research studies, not often in other research. The application of nurs ing research is an important area for future discussion. As psychiatric nurses we must however be able to critique research. Sometimes it is conducted under ideal conditions where there is control over a number of variables and there may be difficulty applying it in the real world. That is perhaps why observations of a patient’s behavior may be better to understand their experience in the real world. Research is the use of a series of steps to gather objective knowledge and nursing research of course is the study of phenomenon of interest to nurses, which is often the patient’s response to illness and nursing interventions. The second point there is control but we have to understand what scientific research is attempting to state. It is the relationships between 2 variables. That is, if I do one thing will it influence another? So just to take a simple nursing example, we might theorize or predict that a patient who lies on their back for long periods will develop pressure sores. So if the patient is turned frequently and does not develop pressure sores we might conclude that turning is related to unbroken skin. Say, however, at the same time as turning the patient’s skin is gently massaged; now we can’t tell if it is the turning or the massage that resulted in the unbroken and healthy skin. So this is what is meant by control of external factors. Sometimes you may hear this referred to as level of control over the variables of interest. If you are using the scientific method then you probably have a hypothesis you want to test and you would set up your experiment to either prove or disprove. This would be quantitative research. But if you are observing a phenomenon and want to study it in its natural state then you are more likely doing qualitative research. Qualitative research is particularly well suited to psychiatric nursing because it. involves gathering information about people’s experiences which we could use an instrument to assess which would give us a quantitative measure i.e., how traumatized were you 0-10. Asking a person to tell their story gives us significantly more information. Methods can be combined. The ethnographic qualitative research method tends to look at humans in their natural environment. This research always takes place in the field often over a long time. Collection and analysis of data takes place concurrently, as insights are gained new questions may emerge. Often the opinions of the people under study are sought which is very different from quantitative research where opinions and feelings are not considered valid. You will become m ore proficient at reading, understanding and critiquing research but there is no reason why you should not be locating and reading nursing research journals now. Research Principles and terms The practice of Psychiatric Nursing is guided by nursing knowledge. As a profession nursing has developed a unique body of knowledge, which guides the practice of nursing. There is a number of ways in which knowledge is developed and disseminated. They are listed in Potter & Perry. Question: State 6 ways of acquiring knowledge. Polit and Hungler (1997) use these terms to describe the scientific research method: †¦Disciplined Research. Research conducted within a disciplined format is the most sophisticated method of acquiring knowledge that humans have developed. Nursing research combines aspects of logical reasoning with other features to create systems of problem solving that, although fallible, tend to be more reliable than tradition, authority, personal experience, intuition, or inductive or deductive reasoning alone. (P.11) The scientific method does have its drawbacks however, it is conducted under ideal conditions and sometimes there may be difficulties in applying it to the real world. There are however two main categories of research Quantitative and Qualitative. Quantitative research follows the scientific model and has a series of clearly defined steps. Quantitative research Process Identify an issue Gather information? State the hypothesis? Review the literature? Design the study? Gather the data? Evaluate the findings Qualitative Research Qualitative research differs from quantitative in that it is a less linear process. It more often involves gathering information about individuals by observing them in their natural environment or through interviews. This type of research takes place â€Å"in the field† rather than the laboratory. The information is rich and varied and subject to the interpretation of the researcher. This is one of its limitations. Nurse researchers can be involved in either quantitative or qualitative research, but most importantly, nursing research should be able to be applied to psychiatric nursing practice. Here is a list of some research projects of psychiatric nurses: Examples of research studies conducted by nurses in Psychiatric Nursing and Mental Health topics: Client expectation and perception of the nurse’s role in re lationship to client satisfaction. A comparative study of widows’ and widowers’ perceived social support during the first year of bereavement. The effects of cognitive-behavioral nursing intervention for depressed patients and their families. Factors affecting staff nurses’ use of limit setting with disruptive patients. Nurses’ attitudes toward the suicidal patient. Nursing interventions with long-term patients in regard to their physical appearance: An evaluation study. The nurse’s therapeutic use of touch as related to withdrawn patients. Observable signs of anxiety or distress during psychiatric interviews conducted by nurses. Patient and situational factors that affect nursing students’ like or dislike of caring for patients A study of alcoholic patients’ perception of the role of the nurse. A study of the confidence level of nurses in caring for patients with depression. A study of psychiatric patients’ knowledge about their prescribed medications. Question: What do you think would be a good research topic for psychiatric nurses? Some terms to Learn in Relation to Research

Feminist Jurisprudence Is A Growing School Of Legal

Feminist Jurisprudence Feminist jurisprudence is a growing school of legal though in which embraces various theories in reference to laws and legal issues. Every aspect of feminist jurisprudence takes a close look at and analyses the law through the examination of issues such as gender, sexuality, power, individual rights, and the judicial system. Feminist jurisprudence has come a long way since its beginnings in the 1960s. This school of thought has made its mark since the 1990s and has evolved into a vital part of the law over the years. Feminist jurisprudence has paved a new way of thinking in issues such as sexual and Domestic Violence, inequality in the workplace, and gender-based discrimination in various levels of US society. With†¦show more content†¦A major breakthrough for the history of feminism is when the Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution came into act in 1920. This Amendment allowed the women the right to vote in the United States. During the 1960s the modern feminist movement arose. Betty N. Friedan organized the first official meeting of an association called the National Organization for Women (NOW) in 1966. Two years later, NOW protested at the Miss America Pageant. During this time, Civil Rights and antiwar activist turned their attention towards gender discrimination and inequality. One major legal case in which feminism has influenced and continues to be a subject of interest is the decision in Roe vs Wade in 1973 that defined the choice of abortion as a fundamental constitutional right. Interestingly enough, to the majority of feminists, this case was not important due to the decision that abortion is a choice. Although, most feminists see it more as the mere principle that women have a right in general to make fundamental choices concerning their own well-being. Feminists have remained persistent in their support for the decision in Roe vs Wade. In fact, nineteen years later when the issue was reconsidered in Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey, feminist rallied for their support for the right of choice. Feminist criticize mainstream jurisprudence in